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Air
Air is the Earth's atmosphere that contains a layer of gases like Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, argon, water vapor, etc... The atmosphere protects the life on Earth by absorbing the Ultraviolet Solar Radiations. There is no definite boundary between the atmosphere and outer space. It slowly becomes thinner and fades into space.
Today, the percentage of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased, due to which, the Green house effect is taking place, thereby increasing the temperature of the Earth, i.e. causing 'Global Warming'.
GLOBAL WARMING
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GREEN SHOP (HIGLIGHTS)
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Air Pollution:
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the natural environment, into the atmosphere. The pollution of air goes unnoticed most of the time. All human activity from domestic cooking to highly mechanized industries contribute to the emergence of air pollutants.
Causes:
Some of the major pollutants produced by human activity are:
- Sulphur dioxide- Mainly produced by industries, especially where coal & oil are used as fuel. They are also produced by volcanoes.
- Carbon monoxide- It is a product by incomplete combustion of fuel such as natural gas, coal or wood. Vehicular exhaust is a major source of carbon monoxide.
- Carbon dioxide- A greenhouse gas emitted by combustion.
- Oxides of Nitrogen- They are emitted from high temperature combustion. The major source for them are automobile exhausts.
- Ammonia- Mostly emitted from agricultural processes.
- Hydrogen Sulphide- They are given in the manufacturing of Coke & distillation of petroleum.
- Particulate Matter- They originate from Volcanoes, dust storms, forests & sea spray. Human activities like burning of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants & various industrial processes also generate amounts of particulate matter (aerosols).
- Lead, Cadmium & Copper- Mostly these are emitted from automobile exhausts.
- Arsenic- They are generated majorly in thermal power plants.
- etc...
Effects:
Some of the major air pollutants & their effects on humans are:
Sulphur dioxide- Leads to irritation of eyes, excess mucus production, cough & difficulty in breathing.
Carbon monoxide- Reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
Oxides of Nitrogen- Affects the functioning of lungs.
Ammonia- Leads to irritation of the mucus membrane.
Lead- It is a cumulative poison & directly affects the central nervous system.
Pesticides- Leads to death if inhaled in excess.
Ozone- It causes reduced pollination and yellow spot formation on leaves, thus affecting the rate of photosynthesis.
Sulphur dioxide- When converted to sulphuric acid in the presence of moisture and iron, which are present in dust, nails, etc. This results in yellowing, weakening and corrosion of materials.
etc...
Solutions:
Solutions to Air pollution are:
- At domestic level, make use of cleaner fuels, improved stoves & better ventilation to reduce the smoke created while cooking.
- Use Bio gas as fuel.
- Utilize charcoal instead of burning firewood.
- For automobiles, regular tests for their emissions should be done.
- Non-leaded fuel should be used.
- Share your vehicles or use public transport.
- In Industries, start installing filters, electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers, etc... to control the atmospheric pollution.
- etc...
Stop Air Pollution, cause we need pure air to breathe i.e. to LIVE.
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