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CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING! (GLOBAL WARNING!)
A potential increase in the temperature of the earth's atmosphere caused by the greenhouse effect is termed as 'Global Warming'. The meaning of greenhouse effect is the trapping of the sun's warmth in the lower atmosphere caused by high levels of Carbon dioxide & other greenhouse gases more transparent to incoming solar radiation than to reflected infrared radiation. The most abundant greenhouse gases ranked in the order of their contribution to the greenhouse effect are water vapour (36 - 70 %), carbon dioxide (9 - 26 %), methane (4 - 9 %) and ozone (3 - 7 %). Even clouds absorb & emit infrared radiation and thus contributing to the greenhouse effect.
GLOBAL WARMING
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Causes of Global Warming:
The following are some of the main causes of Global Warming:
Carbon dioxide: The first and the abundant cause of Global Warming is the emission of Carbon dioxide (CO2) from power plants, cars, airplanes, buildings, etc...Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of 2 oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single Carbon atom. Carbon dioxide is considered to be the principal gas of Global Warming.
Methane: The second most important contributor of Global Warming is Methane (CH4). Methane is the simplest alkane and the principal component of natural gas. Methane is 21 times as effective as Carbon dioxide on Global Warming. The prime sources of Methane are livestock, petroleum drilling, coal mining, solid-waste landfills, rice paddies and wetlands.
Water Vapor: The Third one is Water Vapor which is a factor that amplifies the greenhouse effect and thus very very important & to be seriously taken. Water Vapor is the gas state of water and can be produced by evaporation or boiling of a liquid and also by sublimation of ice. As the atmospheric temperature rises and the amount of water vapor increases, the greenhouse effect is enhanced, further increasing temperature.
Nitrous Oxide: The next greenhouse gas is Nitrous Oxide which is also known as Laughing Gas or Happy Gas having chemical formula N2O. Nitrous oxide accounts for 9 percent of all greenhouse gases, yet is 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide (CO2). As a result its longevity in the atmosphere provides a potentially more damaging legacy than CO2. The sources of NO2 are using nitrogen based fertilizers, disposing of human & animal waste in sewage treatment plants, automobiles and many other sources which are still to be identified.
Ozone: The triatomic molecule Ozone or Trioxygen (O3), at ground level, is an air pollutant with harmful effects on the respiratory systems of animals. This ground level ozone is formed by the reaction of sunlight on air containing hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides that react to form ozone directly at the source of the pollution or many kilometers down wind. Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the upper level of the atmosphere, i.e. the troposphere, where it absorbs some of the infrared energy emitted by the earth and thus contributes to the greenhouse effect.
Chlorofluorocarbons: Some haloalkanes such as those containing chlorine & bromine, have negative and dangerous effects on the environment such as Ozone depletion. The most widely known haloalkanes within this group are the Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). When such ozone-depleting chemicals reach the stratosphere, they are dissociated by ultraviolet light to release chlorine atoms. The chlorine atoms act as a catalyst, and each can break down tens of thousands of ozone molecules before being removed from the stratosphere. This is how the ozone layer is getting depleted and is creating the so called Ozone Hole.
