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Water
Nearly three-fourths of the earth's surface is covered by water. The world's water resources seem enormous. When we use water for our daily activities we do not pause to think that we are using a very precious resource. Water is the most abundant single substance in the biosphere being 1,500,000,000 cubic kilometers in volume. Water is a compound of great significance. It is basically made up of one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen (H2O). It is a stable compound and takes part in a variety of chemical reactions. It is an universal solvent.
GLOBAL WARMING
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Sources:
Water is found at many places in the nature but at every place, it's purity differs. Some of the common sources of water are:
- Fresh water lakes
- Ground water lakes
- Rivers
- Soil
- Atmosphere
- Rains
- Melting snows
- Glaciers
- Polar ice caps
- Sea Water
Forms:
There are various forms of water:
- Liquid- This is the general form of water.
- Ice- Frozen water.
- Vapor- Water in it's gaseous form.
- Snow- Frozen water vapor in the atmosphere.
- Dew- Condensed water vapor.
- Clouds- Droplets of water vapor forms clouds. When these clouds become very heavy, they burst out pouring rains.
- Mist- Droplets of water smaller than raindrops.
- Fog- Thick mist.
Uses:
Water is used for different purposes:
- Drinking- Each one of us consumes 8 glasses, or roughly 1,600 ml of water per day.
- Generation of Hydro Electric & Thermal Power- 35 % of India's power comes from hydel sources.
- Industries- Paper mills, Chemical plants, Textile & Dyeing mills, Cement Factories, Steel Plants, etc.. are some of the industries using a lot of water for their processes.
- Irrigation- Nearly 95 % of India's water resources are used for irrigation.
- Commercial water- Includes fresh water for motels, hotels, restaurants, office buildings, other commercial facilities, and civilian and military institutions.
- Livestock water- Includes water for stock animals, feed lots, dairies, fish farms, and other nonfarm needs. Water is needed for the production of red meat, poultry, eggs, milk, and wool, and for horses, rabbits, and pets. Livestock water use only includes fresh water.
- Public Supply- It refers to water withdrawn by public and private water suppliers, such as county and municipal water works, and delivered to users for domestic, commercial, and industrial purposes.
Water Scarcity:
Today, we are facing some scarcity of water. Some of the causes are:
- Wasteful or extravagant use of water.
- Cultivation of hybrid varieties of paddy, wheat, cotton, sugarcane and tobacco which consume more water.
- Evaporation of water stored in large reservoirs and loss by seepage in long canal systems.
- Silting of bodies of water due to denudation of the vegetational cover in the hills and catchment areas.
- Poor ground water resources due to deforestation and overgrazing which result in soil erosion and the inability of the soil to permit percolation of water into the ground.
- Indiscriminate drilling of borewells in areas of water scarcity.
- Subsidised power tariff in the agricultural sector, has resulted in excessive withdrawal of water. This has led to a lowering of the water table which has not been replenished.
- Increased industrial consumption and discharge of raw effluents into the water body have rendered many water sources unfit for human consumption.
Water Pollution:
Like air, even water is getting polluted day by day. The various sources of water pollution are:
- Discharge of untreated domestic sewage into waterways.
- Discharge of industrial effluents.
- Discharge of agricultural wastes into waterways.
- Use of pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and weedicides which seep into the ground water.
- Discharge of fertilizer residues as run-off from farm lands into waterways.
- Accidental spillage of oil in the seas by tankers.
Save Water:
Save Water today, so that we will have it tomorrow.
- Water should not be wasted. Leaky taps must be repaired and taps closed when not in use.
- Rain water can be collected and stored for domestic purposes.
- Delivery lines must be maintained properly and faulty and leaking pipes replaced.
- Plumbing should be done correctly, seeking advice from experts.
- Hand pumps should be well maintained to perform effectively.
- Low HP motors to draw water from the well must be used instead of high ones.
- Overhead storage tanks should be maintained in good condition.
- PVC tanks which are cheaper and lighter in weight and which will not corrode or rust are preferable to metal tanks.
- Save Water now to save the Future.
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